Analysis of Quadratic Residue over Z
13
Quadratic residue (QR)
x such that x
2
= QR mod 13
Occurance
0
0
1
1
1, 12
2
3
4, 9
2
4
2, 11
2
9
3, 10
2
10
6, 7
2
12
5, 8
2
Occurance
Quadratic residues
Total QRs with same occurance
1
0
1
2
1, 3, 4, 9, 10, 12
6
Total Quadratic Residues = 7